Proč psát kazuistiku očima mladého onkologa

MUDr. Miroslav Žiaran

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):107  

Conservative therapy of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions - 2^nd part

MUDr. Miroslav Záleský, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):109-113 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.019  

Possibilities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions are presented. Neurogenic lesions leading to lower urinary tract dysfunctions can be divided into suprapontine, infrapontine, and sacral and peripheral lesions. Due to the complexity of neurogenic disorders, it is necessary to base treatment on urodynamics results. The aim of therapy of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions is to protect the upper urinary tract, achieve continence, ensure adequate evacuation of bladder, and improve patients' quality of life. Combination of non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacotherapy is usually...

Comparison of efficacy and side effects of anticholinergic drugs in treating overactive bladder syndrome

MUDr. Jaroslav Tůma ml.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):115-119 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.010  

The article presents a general overview of anticholinergic drugs, their properties, and possible adverse effects. The main goal is to compare the side effects of spasmolytic drugs in treating overactive bladder syndrome and to identify possible pitfalls of treatment.

Diagnosing and treating with nocturnal enuresis

MUDr. Ivo Novák, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):120-124 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.029  

The enuresis in children, but also in the adolescent population, is a significant psychosocial problem. The enuresis with frequency about 15-20 % of five-year-old, 2-6 % of seven-year-old children, and persistence 1-2 % at adolescence is one of the most common diseases in children. According to the ICCS (International Children's Society of Continence), polysymptomatic enuresis (NMNE) is classified as incontinence with lower urinary tract dysfunction, monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (MNE) is then defined as a separate unit. The controlled bladder filling and emptying is a dynamically evolving functional process that directly depends on an individual's...

The actual pharmacotherapy benign hyperplasia according to EAU Guidelines

MUDr. Aleš Horák

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):125-132 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.017  

Pharmacological treatment is the basis for conservative treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Currently, pharmacological treatment is based on α1-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, muscarinic receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, beta-3 adrenoceptor agonists and a combination of some of them. In indicated cases, phytopharmaceuticals, most commonly containing Serenoa repens, may be used in patients with minor LUTS.

The role of pelvic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer

MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D., FEBU, ml., doc. MUDr. Zbyněk Tüdös, Ph.D., MUDr. Zuzana Seifriedová, MUDr. Hana Študentová, Ph.D., Mgr. Dana Purová, prof. MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):133-138 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.015  

Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) represents an integral part of staging in prostate cancer (PCa). Guidelines recommend PLND in intermediate and high-risk PCa. The use of PLND has increased recently due to stage migration towards more aggressive PCa. The oncological significance of PLND remains unclear. Some patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) with PLND, remain in oncological remission for a long time, but most of those patients with positive nodes (pN1) require additional adjuvant or salvage treatment. The benefit of PLND must be balanced against the risk of perioperative morbidity. Complications include conditions such as symptomatic lymphocele,...

Antiseptic mixture (chlorhexidine, hexamidine and chlorcresol) in clinical practice

MUDr. Radek Litvik

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):139-142 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.033  

Antiseptics are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings. Antiseptics are products that destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms in or on living tissue. We discusse mechanisms of action, posology and advers events of the micture, which contains three different antiseptic agents (chlorhexidine, hexamidine and chlorcresol).We can use this mixture for the cleansing of primary bacterial, viral and fungal skin and mucosal disorders, and those liable to become superinfected.

Peyronie's disease - today's treatment options

MUDr. David Čapka, MUDr. Robert Grill

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):143-147 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2020.056  

Peyronie's disease, or plastic penile induration (IPP), is a very unpleasant disease that causes patients a lot of hardship and is far from rare. It often occurs in older men with the typical age of onset of difficulty 50-60, but it also occurs in younger men. The aetiology is not exactly known, but a local autoimmune disease is assumed. The article discusses risk factors, the course and treatment of the disease. The treatment is divided into conservative, with intra - and surgical treatments having the most promising results. Intralesional therapy may reduce the indication of surgery or change the technique to be performed, but only after full instruction...

Diagnostic algorithms in prostate cancer - 2^nd part

MUDr. Otakar Čapoun, Ph.D., FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):148-150  

In the second part we will mention imaging methods used in already diagnosed prostate cancer with respect to local staging or evaluation of nodal, soft tissue and bone metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most accurate for a local assessment, computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis is sufficient to evaluate nodal involvement, and the gold standard for examination of skeletal metastases is bone scintigraphy. In recent years, there has been a boom in hybrid methods, mostly the combination of positron emission tomography with CT.

Fournier's gangrene complicating periproctal abscess

MUDr. Michal Soška

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):151-154 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.005  

We present a case of a thirty-nine-year-old male patient suffering from severe infectious necrotising fasciitis of the genitals and perineal area, also known as Fournier's gangrene. Progression and spread of a neglected periproctal abscess were the main reasons why the disease developed. A severe and long-lasting course of the disease required intensive care followed by repeat operations with extensive necrectomies. Despite this, the patient got through the disease well and the wounds healed almost completely, at least with no need for plastic correction. An individualised and multidisciplinary approach was essential in the care of the patient.

Hyperactive bladder i old age as a nursing problem

Mgr. Pavla Drábková

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(3):155-158 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.025  

The syndrome of the overactive bladder significantly affects social, private and professional life of patients. The prevalence of OAB symptoms are so alarming that confirmatory data in this research clearly define the overactive bladder as one of the most common health problems of an aging population. There is no guaranteeing avoidance of the prevalence of the disease but there is a possibility of reducing the growing incidence. Actively educating the elderly to increase their awareness of overactive bladder can decrease the incidence of the disease and prevent further development of symptoms. The aim of the research was to map and analyze symptom...