Onkologická onemocnění u geriatrických pacientů

prof. MUDr. Hana Matějovská Kubešová, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):163  

Therapy of postradiation cystitis

MUDr. Mgr. Jaroslav Porš

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):166-171 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.021  

Postradiation cystitis is caused radiotherapy of onkological diseases in pelvis minor region. Mainly it's manifested by the lost of detrusor function, overactive bladder symptoms and haematurias. The treatment of these symptoms is very difficult. The article clearly discusses about possibilities of conservative and surgical treatment of this diagnosis.

Peritoneal flap fixation: effect on the prevention of lymphocele formation after radical prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy

MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D., FEBU, doc. MUDr. Zbyněk Tüdös, Ph.D., MUDr. Zuzana Seifriedová, MUDr. Hana Študentová, Ph.D., Mgr. Dana Purová, prof. MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):172-176 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.020  

Radical prostatectomy (RP) with extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) is currently a standard of care of intermediate and high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa). The utilization of ePLND is increasing due to stage migration towards more aggressive cancer. Symptomatic lymphoceles, with incidence ranging up to 10 %, are one of the most frequent complications of ePLND. No successful strategy on how to prevent their occurrence has been found so far. One of the promising interventions could be peritoneal flap fixation during transperitoneal RP. Several retrospective studies have shown a reduction in the incidence of symptomatic lymphocele. The...

Diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma

MUDr. Veronika Lounová, MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):177-180 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.016  

Renal cell carcinoma represents 2-3 % of all cancers. Incidence in the Czech Republic is the highest in the world and is still increasing. Most of the tumors are detected incidentally thanks to imaging methods. Tumors are usually found in an early stage when the surgical treatment is curable. The purpose of this article is to present the current view on the diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma.

Hyaluronic acid: prevention and treatment of urological toxicity in cancer therapy

MUDr. Jiří Klečka, Ph.D., MBA

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):181-184 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.037  

Hyaluronic acid is a substance naturally occurring in the human body. It is part of the glycosaminoglycan layer found on the surface of the bladder urothelium and in eye and joint fluids. This type of agent is administered directly into the bladder and expected to temporarily replace the glycosaminoglycan layer therein which may be damaged in patients with interstitial cystitis. The effect of hyaluronic acid is pluripotent, being used both in preventing the toxic effects of cancer treatment, particularly of radiotherapy, and in treating chronic lower urinary tract infections caused by bacteria and/or autoimmunity in the case of interstitial cystitis.

Uroinfections and increasing bacterial resistance

doc. MUDr. Jozef Marenčák, PhD.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):185-190 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2020.049  

In the past few decades, worldwide prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is increasing at a rapid pace. This is to the extent that development of new antimicrobial drugs is falling short of demand to effectively treat this resistance. Mechanisms behind antimicrobial resistance involve changes to microbial outer membrane, drug efflux pump abnormalities, production of the enzyme beta-lactamase, the creation of biofilms around cell bodies and the like. Incidence of resistance was found to be more in elderly population, male sex and inpatient population. This article describes the current state of resistant microbes associated with urinary tract infections...

Urinary retention as a rare complication of psychotropic drug use

doc. MUDr. Dana Končelíková, Ph.D., PharmDr. Gabriela Vaculová

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):192-194 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.027  

Urinary retention can develop as a result of a number of somatic as well as mental disorders. Identifying the cause is crucial in the proper treatment of patients. This review article aims to present the basic groups of psychotropic drugs, their indications and the possible connection with the development of urinary retention. Substances from the group of antipsychotics and antidepressants, substances affecting the anticholinergic and serotonergic systems, are considered to be risky. In principle, however, psychotropic drugs can be described as safe in terms of the risk of developing urinary retention. Caution should be exercised especially in at-risk...

Antihypertensive drugs and their impact on erectile function

MUDr. Jan Novák, FEBU, FECSM, prof. MUDr. Michal Vrablík, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):203-206 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.026  

Erectile dysfunction is the most common male sexual dysfunction. Beside recognized risk factors, it may be caused also by the drugs used for the treatment of these conditions. Erection and its dysfunction are complex issues precluding isolated assessment of either factors. Although being aware of this complexity, authors are presenting an overview of impact of particular antihypertensive drugs on erectile function.

The urologic aspects of the chronic renal insuficiency

doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pacovský, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):207-210  

Chronic renal insufficiency is a very serious health condition with rather wide scale of the causes. The task of the urologist is to diagnose urological causes and their adequate treatment. Management of urological diseases must always be conducted in such a way as to minimize the risk of developing CHRI. Caring for patients with CHRI always requires cooperation with a nephrologist. Conditions for kidney transplantation must be ensured in indicated patients.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate

MUDr. Přemysl Grubský ml., MUDr. Abdulbaset Hafuda, MUDr. Vojtěch Mezera, Ph.D., MUDr. Ivan Kolombo, FEBU, MUDr. Jiří Vorlíček

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):211-214 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.012  

In this article, we present two cases of patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the prostate. Both patients initially received surgical treatment. One of them, however, required reoperation and the other one required adjuvant chemotherapy. This rare type of tumor can appear as a solitary component or as a mixed tumor of the prostate. For succesful treatment of the TCC of the prostate, an early and exact diagnosis with histopathology is necessary, as the treatment differs greatly from that of conventional adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

A diabetic patient at the urological clinic

MUDr. Pavlína Piťhová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2021;22(4):195-202 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2021.032  

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogenous disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetic patients could visit urological clinic due to urinary tract infections (including serious emphysematous pyelonephritis), functional disorders of urinary tract or malignant disorders.