Urology for Practice, 2019, issue 3

Editorial

Pohodlná cesta tabletek?

Mgr. Monika Plocová

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3)

Review articles

Perspectives of treatment of overactive bladder syndrome

MUDr. Miroslava Ryšánková

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):102-107 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.056

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a common disease of urological practice. Its treatment is extensive and includes both conservative treatment and medication and, after the failure of all these treatment, the surgical modality is indicated. However, proper diagnosis of the disease is essential for the treatment itself. Often, under the OAB, lower urinary tract symptoms are hidden behind benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP), or, on the contrary, OAB hides behind irritative and obstructive symptoms of BPH. Medicamentous treatment remains the main treatment, and in recent years combination therapy has been very modern.

The role of bipolar prograd resection in non-invasive bladder tumors

MUDr. Petra Vltavská

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):108-111 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.057

Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common cancers that the urologist encounters in his practice. Whether it is noninvasiveor invasive bladder cancer, treatment requires interdisciplinary collaboration. The most important part of the treatment, whichsubsequently affects prognosis is early diagnosis and consequent consistent transurethral resection of the tumor. Therefore, weshould focus especially on thorough and precise resection of the bearings using additional diagnostic methods, in these methodsand techniques be knowleagable to use them in practice.

Immunotherapy in the treatment of urological malignancies

MUDr. Jana Katolická, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Filipenský, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):112-115 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.058

The efficacy of novel immunotherapeutics, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, hold promise for a wide variety of tumor types inuro-oncology. This development is perhaps best illustrated by the current treatment for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomaand urothelial cancer. Further development of biomarkers for predicting therapeutical response is required to achieveoptimal efficacy with these therapeutic interventions.

Estrogens and urinary incontinence in women

MUDr. Lukáš Horčička

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):116-118 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.059

Urinary incontinence, an involuntary uncontrolled leakage of urine, affects up to 50% of women at some point during their lives. Womenaround and after menopause are at the most risk. Gradual loss of ovarian function results in a decrease in estrogen level. Estrogendeficiency causes atrophy in the tissues of the uropoietic system with all the consequences, including the development or deteriorationof urinary incontinence. Local estrogen replacement has been shown to have a positive effect on the quality of life of patients as well ason symptom improvement, whether as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment options...

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and their treatment options

MUDr. Otakar Nyč, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):119-121 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.060

In the setting of increasing resistance in the causative agents of bacterial infections, the choice of antibiotics requires a highly responsible approach. The reasons for this are both achieving a reliable effect and preventing further spread of resistance. Current reviews of resistance are an essential basis for empirical administration, optimally followed by identification and susceptibility testing of a particular pathogen for targeted therapy. The selection of appropriate drugs for treating community-acquired infections (urinary infections) should respect national guidelines, and the treatment of hospital-acquired infections should be adapted to...

From the boundary of urology

Genetically determined renal diseases that a urologist does or may encounter in the practice

MUDr. Jiří Kladenský

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):123-128 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.061

Although urologists (unlike geneticists and paediatricians) do not often deal with the issue of genetically determined renal diseases in their practice, they do encounter them from time to time. In the vast majority of cases, these conditions are hereditary diseases with Mendelian inheritance patterns where there are defects in a single gene (monogenic type), with these defects being caused by a mutant allele at a single locus. Genetic kidney diseases that urologists do or may encounter include, in particular, cystic kidney diseases and genetically determined causes of urolithiasis; genetic glomerular diseases, e.g. Alport syndrome; monogenic forms...

Sexual and reproductive medicine in practice

Genetic impact on spermatogenesis

prof. MUDr. Pavel Trávník, DrSc.

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):129-132 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.062

The cause of male infertility is frequently genetic. The genetic cause may be the chromosome abnormality or the mutation of a geneimportant for the spermatogenesis or the sperm function. The abnormality could disturb the sperm amount, their morphology,motility or the ability to penetrate the oocyte envelopes, fuse with the oocyte and activate them. Genetic error can also stop theearly embryo development. The error affecting male fertility is possibly connected with the occurrence of congenital defects indescendants and therefore genetic examination of the man with fertility disturbance is important.

Case report

Metachronous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the urinary bladder

MUDr. Jaroslav Andriychuk, MUDr. Radomír Zachoval, Ph.D., MUDr. Martin Sutorý, CSc., MUDr. Petr Kumstát, MUDr. Hana Dokulilová

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):133-135 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2019.063

A case is reported of a patient with a bilateral clear renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical nephrectomy on the left side and nephron-sparing surgery on the right side. Thirty months later, a rare metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) into the urinary bladder was detected and treated by transuretral resection. Subsequently, it was established that the metastatic process had also begun to take place in the patient's lungs and brain.

A giant bladder cystine stone in a 5-year‑

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Hana Flögelová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jan Šarapatka, FEBU, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Urol. praxi. 2019;20(3):136-138

A 5-year-old female patient with several months history of recurrent lower urinary tract infection presented with a complaint offrequency of micturition and hematuria. On plain abdominal radiography an elliptic opacified mass occupying the cavity of thesmall pelvis was detected. Ultrasonic bladder examination has shown a hyperechogenic formation with a massive dorsal acousticshadow, which corresponds to the stones. The cystine bladder stone was oval-shaped 4,0 × 3,6 cm in size. Open cystolithotomywas therefore selected as the best and safest treatment choice.