Urology for Practice, 2010, issue 1

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Pavel Verner

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 3

Review articles

Current options of managing nocturia

MUDr.Libuše Vilhelmová

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 7-10

Nocturia is recently frequently discussed problem. It was associated with old age and BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) in last years. This problem seems to be much more complex and it occurs even in the young population. In this group it becomes very bothersome and it is necessary to research and to treat it. Diagnostics of nocturia is related to many specializations not only urology.

Varicocele, impairment of the venous efflux from the testis

MUDr.Vladimír Kubíček, CSc.

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 11-21

Dilated and tortuous veins, venous malfunction, impairment venous efflux from the testis and reflux blood in the internal spermatic veins causes testicular and epididymal malfunction as a result of clinically palpable or non-palpable, subclinical varicocele. Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility and testicular atrophy. The presence of varicocele must be detected in all patients with abnormal semen quality, including azoospermia. Palpation may fail to detect spermatic venous reflux, and digital thermometry or thermography is the most accurate diagnostic technique, completed by color coded, duplex Doppler and high frequency...

Pathology of cystic renal cell carcinoma in adults: differential diagnosis, prognosis and significance for clinical practice

prof.MUDr.Ondřej Hes, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Milan Hora, Ph.D.

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 22-24

Multicystic tumors originated from the kidney parenchyma form heterogenous group of tumors with different histogenesis, biological behavior and prognosis. However aggressive multicystic neoplasias are exceedingly rare, they occur and urologists should recognize that such a tumor could exist. Multilocular cystic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney and cystic nephroma are considered to be typical examples of this group. Papillary renal cell carcinoma and clear renal cell carcinoma could be also considered as cystic tumors, but cystic change is always secondary. Also cavernous hemangioma and lymphangioma...

Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy

MUDr.Jaroslav Ženíšek

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 26-28

Urinary incontinence is a clinically important complication of open retropubic or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed for treatment of localized prostate cancer. After acceptation of the cancer disease and therapy of it, the patient is faced to problem, which affect his every day life.

Medication of erectile dysfunction and its security

doc.MUDr.Michal Pohanka, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.RNDr.Luboslav Stárka, DrSc.

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 29-31

Erectile dysfunction is a relatively frequent disorder substantially increasing with age. The high effective treatment of erectile dysfunction by drugs based on inhibition of phosphodiesterases type 5 (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) tempt to prescription of these drugs without careful examination. It is demanded to include besides personal history and physical examination also laboratory data for exclusion of diseases associated with erectile dysfunction as diabetes mellitus, hyperprolactinemia or hypogonadismus. Contraindicated for treatment by inhibitors of phophodiesterases are nitrates. For patients on intensive antihypertension therapy...

At a glance

An obese patient at a doctor‘s surgery

MUDr.RNDr.Tomáš Brychta, Ph.D., MUDr.Svetlana Brychtová, Ph.D.

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 38-40

The dynamically growing numbers of obese people in both the developed and developing world pose greater demands on health, social, and economic systems in individual countries. Virtually all physicians must be prepared to fight obesity since increasing numbers of their patients will be obese persons. The paper provides basic instructions on how to approach obese patients, how to examine and treat them.

Urological infection II - special part

MUDr.Roman Staněk

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 41-44

Gram positive endogenous microorganisms are the most often etiological agens of urological infections, risk factors are failure of immunity and failure of drainage of urological system. Infections incident in every age and gender groups in dependence on risk factors and risks behavior. The goal of diagnostic approachs is regular and efective therapy.

Case report

Histologic finding of the tumor necrosis in the clear cell renal cancer specimen - the negative prognostic factor

MUDr.Jaroslav Pacovský, Ph.D., MUDr.Miloš Broďák, Ph.D., MUDr.Petr Hušek, MUDr.Lukáš Holub, MUDr.Josef Košina, MUDr.Pavel Navrátil, CSc., MUDr.Miroslav Louda, Ph.D., MUDr.Miroslav Podhola, Ph.D.

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 32-35

Objective and methods: The retrospective analysis of the 228 removed renal cancers. The renal clear cell cancer necrosis incidence, the tumor specific mortality and time from the surgery was evaluated. Results: Overall 190 renal clear cell cancers were confirmed in the group of the 228 tumors. The tumor necrosis (necro+) was found in 53 patients (27.8 %), in this cohort N+ was found in 15 patients (28.3 %) and M+ was found in 15 patients (28.3 %). Tumor specific mortality was confirmed in 67.9 % in median 8 months in necro+ group and, in 100 % in median 5 months in N+ group and in 100 % in median 5 months in M+ group. Conclusion: The necrosis...

Early urological complications after kidney transplantations

MUDr.Jaroslav Pernička, Ph.D.

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 36-37

The author retrospectively evaluates early urological complications in 360 kidney transplantations performed between the years 1998 and 2008 at the Department of Urology, Olomouc University Hospital. General management options are discussed for individual types of complications which are then specified by the methods used in the transplantation centre. The most significant urological complications included urinary fistula (6/360, 1.7 %), obstruction of the ureterovesical anastomosis (7/360, 1.9 %) and lymphocele (6/360, 1.7 %). A total of 19 urological complications were noted (19/360, 5.3 %). The Olomouc University Hospital operating team...

For nurses

Nurse’s assistance in prostate biopsy

Bc.Nataša Sochorová, Božena Mišurdová

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 45-46

The prostate (figure 1) is a small gland that surrounds the upper portion of the male urethra. It is located just under the neck of the bladder and rests on the wall of the rectum with its posterior surface. The prostate produces fluid which as part of the ejaculate supports sperm transport. In the Czech republic, prostate cancer is the second most common oncological disease in men and the third leading cause of death from a malignancy in men.

Decubitus ulcers - prevention and treatment

Stanislava Hilšerová

Urolog. pro Praxi, 2010; 11(1): 47-49

Decubitus ulcers are wounds or tissue injury caused by pressure that mostly appear at sites with a small layer of adipose or muscle tissue as a result of pressure against a bone. The most commonly affected sites include cervical spine vertebrae, shoulder blades, sacral bone, and heel bones in supine position. Bedsores are typically found in long-term bedridden patients and those with limited mobility. Despite all the advances in medicine, decubitus ulcers still remain a major therapeutic and nursing issue. They cause suffering to patients, even putting their lives at risk. For nurses, a patient with bedsores means much more workload and increased...