Urology for Practice - Latest articles
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Cítím s tebou aneb úvaha o empatiiEditorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):3
Management of asymptomatic bacteriuria - when is treatment necessary?At a glance
MUDr. Lucie Sedláčková
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):52-54 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.052
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) without clinical signs is a common clinical condition. It is usual in patients with urinary catheters and in patients with pathology of urinary tracts. The occurrence of ABU increases with age and is more pronounced in women. It is usually not treated and often disappears spontaneously. The administration of antimicrobial therapy to patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria should always be assessed on a case-by-case basis to avoid unnecessary burdensome treatment. According to current recommendations, we specifically search for and treat ABU in patients undergoing surgical procedures that affect the mucosa of the urinary...
Metastatic prostate cancer mimicking a primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladderCase report
MUDr. Michaela Uhrinová Vukušičová, MUDr. Ivan Viľcha, MUDr. Mária Cinová, MUDr. Mária Mikitová, MUDr. Ľubomír Ličák
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):48-51 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.051
A 67-year-old patient with several months of recurrent urinary retention with subsequent occurrence of gross hematuria, while palpation of the prostate and the level of total prostate-specific antigen were not significant for prostate cancer. Cystoscopy revealed papillomatous formations in the prostatic urethra, subsequently also in the neck, trigone and posterior wall of the bladder, and urine cytology was suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The patient underwent transurethral resection of pathological lesions with the finding of prostatic adenocarcinoma with Gleason score 10. As part of the differential diagnosis, in patients with lesions...
Nonpharmacological measures in recurrent urinary tract infections in children and adolescentsGood advice from practice
MUDr. Zuzana Vyoralová
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):42-47 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.078
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are a common reason for visiting a paediatrician as well as for being hospitalized. Children with recurrent UTIs are at a higher risk of kidney injury, particularly when concurrent with vesicoureteral reflux. Prevention involves a set of measures intended to reduce the recurrence rate and thus the risk of renal insufficiency. Given the increasing pharmacological resistance of bacteria, nonpharmacological measures are becoming increasingly important.
The influence of lifestyle on the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia from a pharmacist's perspectiveFrom the boundary of urology
Mgr. Ondřej Šimandl
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):37-41 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.055
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common non-malignant diseases affecting middle-aged and older men. In addition to pharmacological treatment and surgical options, lifestyle and dietary measures also play an increasingly important role, both in the prevention and supportive treatment of this disease. The article offers a view of the issue of benign prostatic hyperplasia from the perspective of a pharmacist, who, among other things, has an irreplaceable role in educating patients and supporting adherence to treatment. Attention is paid in particular to the influence of diet, physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption and non-smoking,...
Sexual health of patients after oncological treatment - how to improve quality of life, the impact of oncological treatment on sexual health and reproductive ability of men, rehabilitation options and psychological supportSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
doc. MUDr. Taťána Šrámková, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):31-36 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.061
Oncology treatment and the disease itself can significantly affect patients' sexuality, both in the area of physiological functions and in the psychological and relational aspects. The most common problems include sexual dysfunction, changes in self-concept and shifts in partner dynamics. Although sexuality remains an important part of the quality of life of cancer patients, it is often overlooked in the context of comprehensive cancer care. The goal of oncosexology is to identify and address these difficulties through a multidisciplinary approach, including education, psychological support, pharmacotherapy, and couples therapy. Acess to information...
Treatment of urinary dysfunctions in adult patients with neurological diseasesReview articles
doc. MUDr. Jozef Marenčák, PhD.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):23-30 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.077
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction significantly impairs patients´ quality of life, is associated with numerous life-threatening complications, and represents a significant economic burden on healthcare system. Diagnosis is based on patient history, physical examination, imaging procedures, and urodynamic testing, with the need to determine the individual risk level. The goals of treatment include preserving renal function, improving quality of life, preventing urinary tract infection, and maintaining a low-pressure bladder that is boht continent and capable of comlete emptying. The article provides an overview of current treatment options...
Imaging of tumours of the kidney and urinary tract using computed tomographyReview articles
MUDr. Jan Pernický, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Stránský ml., prof. MUDr. Jiří Ferda, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Milan Hora, Ph.D., MBA
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):18-22 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.081
Computed tomography (CT) is the fundamental imaging technique in diagnosing tumours of the kidney and urinary tract. It enables the detection, characterization, and staging of renal and urothelial cancers and remains the method of choice owing to its high spatial and temporal resolution and wide availability. Multiphase protocols provide detailed information on lesion morphology and enhancement characteristics, including assessment of lymph node involvement and distant metastases. CT urography is crucial for diagnosing urothelial carcinomas of the upper and lower urinary tracts. The main limitations of CT are the difficult differential diagnosis of...
Pharmacotherapy of overactive bladder syndrome and modern methods of treatmentReview articles
MUDr. Jiří Sumara
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):11-16 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.035
The following text provides a detail overview of the current pharmacotherapy for OAB (overactive bladder), a review of individual anticholinergics, their properties, side effects, and an possible combinations of medicinal substances. A special attention is given to the treatment of OAB in older adults. Due to frequent presence of comorbidities and polypragmasia, it is advisable to administer antimuscarinics that have higher tissue selectivity and do not pass through the blood-brain barrier. In addition to pharmacological treatment, the text also discusses other modern therapeutic options such as the application of botulinum toxin, neurostimulation/modulation,...
Urinary tract infections in patients with dysfunctional voidingReview articles
MUDr. Eva Burešová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2026;27(1):6-10 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.059
Urinary tract infections are the most common complication in patients with dysfunctional voiding. Most cases involve asymptomatic bacteriuria. Symptomatic infections often require acute care and hospitalization; for this reason, it is necessary to focus on their prevention.
Umělá inteligence – příležitost, nebo hrozba?Editorial
doc. MUDr. Ondřej Volný, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):179
The significance of the systematic component in MR/TRUS fusion biopsy for prostate diagnosis: a retrospective studyOriginal study
MUDr. Přemysl Grubský ml., MUDr. Libor Pochobradský, Mgr. David Brebera, MUDr. Daniela Tomčová
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):235-238 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.094
Worldwide, prostate cancer is among the most significant malignancies in the male population. It is a serious health issue that requires ongoing improvements of diagnostic methods and treatment strategies. Effective and accurate diagnosis, especially of clinically significant prostate cancers, plays a key role in the entire management of this disease, treatment planning and improving both patient the quality of life and survival of patients. This article presents our experiences with the fusion biopsy program and its potential use in clinical practice. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether it is necessary to perform systematic...
Cystolithiasis formation caused by a forgotten intrauterine contraceptive deviceCase report
MUDr. Michaela Motolová, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):231-234 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.093
Cystolithiasis in women is a rare diagnosis. Its etiology is associated with the presence of foreign material (mostly stitches) in the bladder - most often iatrogenic in connection with gynecological interventions or urinary outflow insufficiency due to a neurogenic disorder, but also with changes in the architecture of pelvic floor - a higher grade cystocele (1, 2). This case report aims to highlight the not often discussed issue of neglected and migrating intrauterine devices (IUD) from the urologist's point of view. It also reflects the proper multidisciplinary management of a critical condition of a geriatric patient with obstructive pyonephrosis...
The impact of chronic diseases on male sexual functionSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
MUDr. David Čapka, doc. MUDr. Robert Grill, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):226-230 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.092
Chronic diseases can have a significant impact on male sexual function in several ways. Sexual dysfunction can be the first symptom of some chronic diseases. Treatment can vary depending on the cause and may include lifestyle changes or modifications, medication, or surgery. There is a clear need to prospectively collect data and information on all aspects of men's health, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening protocols and assessing the impact of primary and secondary prevention strategies. Overall, several studies have shown that lifestyle modifications, including physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, weight loss including bariatric...
Antibiotics and drug interactions in urologyDrug interactions
PharmDr. Aleš Šorf, Ph.D., PharmDr. Petr Domecký, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):220-225 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.091
Urinary tract infections represent the second most common group of bacterial infections in the general population, and their diagnostic and therapeutic management requires careful consideration of multiple factors. Key determinants include the location and severity of the infection, the risk of recurrence, and local epidemiological data on antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics from different classes vary in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, which influence their potential to cause clinically significant drug interactions. These interactions can substantially impact treatment outcomes, either by leading to therapeutic failure or by increasing...
Rational approach to the treatment and prevention of lower urinary tract infections in womenAt a glance
MUDr. Marcela Fontana, Ph.D., FEBU, MUDr. Michaela Matoušková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):217-219 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.090
Acute cystitis is the most common form of urinary tract infection (UTI), commonly treated by physicians across various specialties. The latest guidelines of the European Association of Urology introduce a new classification of UTIs into localized and systemic, replacing the previsous division into complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. They also emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and rational antibiotic use, considering potential adverse effects, the risc of insreasing bacterial resistance, and disruption of the patient's natural microbiome. The following text summarizes current recommendations regarding the treatment and prevention...
Genetic and molecular factors in the development of bladder cancer - a geneticist's viewFrom the boundary of urology
MUDr. Klára Nováková, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Lenka Foretová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):210-215 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.089
Bladder cancer development is influenced by a combination of genetic and molecular factors that affect cellular processes such as growth, division, and DNA repair. These factors may play a role in tumor initiation and progression. Key genetic and molecular factors associated with this disease include mutations in tumor suppressor genes (e. g. TP53, RB1, CDKN2A), oncogenes (e. g. FGFR3, HRAS, ERBB2, PIK3CA), microsatellite instability (MSI), aberrant protein expression (PD-L1), epigenetic changes (e. g. CDKN2A gene methylation) and chromosomal changes of the loss of heterozygosity type. It turns out that individual genetic...
Upper tract urothelial carcinomasReview articles
MUDr. Michaela Šafářová, FEBU, MUDr. Šárka Kudláčková, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):204-208 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.088
Urothelial carcinoma is the second most frequently diagnosed malignity in urology. However, upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) account only for 5-10% of diagnosed urothelial carcinomas. The diasease is twice more frequent in men than women. Main risk factors include smoking and consumption of aristolochic acid. The most frequent symptom is macroscopic haematurie, which may be absent in up to 20 % of patients. According to the EAU Guidelines (2025) it is neccessary to stage the pacient according to the TNM classification and assess if it is either low or high risk localised disease or metastatic disease. The therapy of each stage is very different...
Artificial sphincters in managing severe incontinence in menReview articles
MUDr. Kateřina Fojtíková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):201-203 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.087
The article deals with the management of severe urinary incontinence in men when conservative approaches fail to work. It focuses on implantation of an artificial urethral sphincter as one of the most effective options that, despite its invasive nature, results in significant improvement in the quality of life of patients. The text discusses the main causes of incontinence, such as those linked to prostate surgery, and explains how both traditional and modern types of sphincters work. Also included is an overview of contraindications and possible complications associated with sphincter implantation. The aim of the article is to highlight the need for...
Current prostate cancer diagnosticsReview articles
MUDr. Jiří Stejskal, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):196-200 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.086
This review article presents current recommendations for prostate cancer detection, while considering local specifics. It discusses the topics of initiating diagnostics, prostate cancer screening, the use of imaging methods, and indications and techniques of prostate biopsy. The article is based on the latest guidelines of the European Association of Urology.
Nitrofurantoin in the treatment and prophylaxis of lower urinary tract infections - current recommendationsReview articles
MUDr. Marcela Fontana, Ph.D., FEBU, MUDr. Michaela Matoušková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):188-193 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.085
Urinary tract infections represent one of the most common bacterial diseases, predominantly affecting women. In recent years, the growing trend of antibiotic resistance has significantly influenced the management of infections, including those of the urogenital tract. This highlights the critical need for rational antibiotic prescribing, with an emphasis on the use of narrow-spectrum agents that maintain a favorable resistance profile. Due to its ability to achieve high urinary concentrations, low prevalence of resistant strains, and minimal impact on intestinal microflora, nitrofurantoin remains a cornerstone in the treatment and prophylaxis of...
Urodynamics in neurogenic disorders of the lower urinary tractReview articles
MUDr. Lucie Bartáková, MUDr. Pavel Drlík, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):183-187 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.084
The role of urodynamic examination is irreplaceable in patients with suspected neurogenic aetiology of bladder dysfunction. Many disorders and especially situations that are risky for patients in the long term cannot be distinguished without urodynamic examination. The most important is the detection of high-pressure bladder, which is not physiological and, over time, damages not only the lower but also the upper urinary tract. Moreover, in some patients it can be completely asymptomatic.
Pište také pro nás!Editorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):115
Foreign body in the urethraCase report
MUDr. Šárka Kudláčková, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):173-174 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.076
Foreign body in the urinary tract is a diagnosis that every urologist encounters in practice. These case reports are particullary interesting due to the inventiveness of patients in terms of what objects can be self-inserted into the urinary tract.
Histological analysis in patients with secondary phimosis after circumcision at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Ústí nad Labem in 2023 and 2024Original study
MUDr. Tomáš Sedlačko
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):170-172 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.075
In 2023 and 2024, a total of 66 circumcisions were performed on boys with the surgical diagnosis of secondary (scarring) phimosis at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Ústí nad Labem. Histological analysis of excised foreskin demonstrated the presence of signs of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) in 72 % of cases. The aim of the article is to provide a briefly overview of BXO, interpret the results of the histological analysis, and compare them with data reported in international literature.
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritisAt a glance
MUDr. Petra Bachroňová, MUDr. Michal Sýkora, prof. MUDr. Ivan Rychlík, CSc., FASN, FERA, FISN
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):165-168 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.074
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) represents a broad group of relatively heterogeneous diseases, characterized by predominant involvement of the tubules and interstitium. The pathophysiological process involves immune-mediated infiltration by inflammatory cells. When kidney cells are damaged, local antigens are expressed, leading to infiltration by inflammatory cells and activation of cytokines, which act both proinflammatory and as chemoattractant. Cytokine production by inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes) is also mediated by kidney cells (proximal tubular cells, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial cells, and fibroblasts), resulting...
Prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with urinary cathetersGood advice from practice
MUDr. Aleš Čermák, Ph.D., MUDr. Jakub Papirek, MUDr. Natálie Čurdová
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):156-163 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.073
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. UTIs are the second most common infectious disease in the population, following upper respiratory tract infections. UTIs also represent one of the most common nosocomial infections. They are a common complication associated with urinary tract catheterization (CAUTI), especially during long-term catheterization or catheterization related to the endoscopic procedures. The most effective way to prevent CAUTI is to avoid unnecessary or inproperly indicated catheterization. Modern medicine must repeatedly seek new strategies for prophylaxis before invasive procedures and for...
Gender confirmation surgery in historical perspective, current practice, and clinical contextSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, MUDr. Adam Bajus, Ph.D., Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):152-155 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.072
Gender confirmation surgery (GCS) represents a crucial step in the medical transition process for transgender individuals. This article provides a historical overview of the development of these procedures, current indications and contraindications, an overview of commonly used surgical techniques, and the clinical aspects of postoperative care. We focus in detail on the most frequent procedures for trans women and trans men, including their potential complications and long-term outcomes.
Urology and gender medicine: specific needs in the treatment of urological diseases in womenReview articles
MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):146-151 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.071
A gender-oriented approach in urology represents a key method for considering the anatomical, hormonal, and psychosocial differences between men and women. In women, a shorter urethra increases the incidence of urinary tract infections, while hormonal changes (particularly after menopause) contribute to a higher susceptibility to incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and interstitial cystitis. Individualized therapy that addresses fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can significantly improve both the prevention and treatment of various conditions, for instance, through local estrogen application or targeted pharmacotherapy. Diagnostics...
Technology of urodynamic testing and its benefitsReview articles
MUDr. Pavel Drlík, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucie Bartáková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):138-143 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.070
Urodynamic testing is a set of diagnostic methods to assess the function of the lower urinary tract during the filling and emptying phases of the bladder. In most cases, this is not a basic examination, but just a tip of the iceberg of testing methods in urology. These methods aid in diagnosing non-neurogenic and neurogenic causes of lower urinary tract dysfunction as well as in monitoring the effect of treatment in a particular patient.