Urology for Practice - Latest articles
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Upper tract urothelial carcinomasReview articles
MUDr. Michaela Šafářová, FEBU, MUDr. Šárka Kudláčková, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):204-208 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.088
Urothelial carcinoma is the second most frequently diagnosed malignity in urology. However, upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) account only for 5-10% of diagnosed urothelial carcinomas. The diasease is twice more frequent in men than women. Main risk factors include smoking and consumption of aristolochic acid. The most frequent symptom is macroscopic haematurie, which may be absent in up to 20 % of patients. According to the EAU Guidelines (2025) it is neccessary to stage the pacient according to the TNM classification and assess if it is either low or high risk localised disease or metastatic disease. The therapy of each stage is very different...
Artificial sphincters in managing severe incontinence in menReview articles
MUDr. Kateřina Fojtíková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):201-203 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.087
The article deals with the management of severe urinary incontinence in men when conservative approaches fail to work. It focuses on implantation of an artificial urethral sphincter as one of the most effective options that, despite its invasive nature, results in significant improvement in the quality of life of patients. The text discusses the main causes of incontinence, such as those linked to prostate surgery, and explains how both traditional and modern types of sphincters work. Also included is an overview of contraindications and possible complications associated with sphincter implantation. The aim of the article is to highlight the need for...
Current prostate cancer diagnosticsReview articles
MUDr. Jiří Stejskal, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):196-200 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.086
This review article presents current recommendations for prostate cancer detection, while considering local specifics. It discusses the topics of initiating diagnostics, prostate cancer screening, the use of imaging methods, and indications and techniques of prostate biopsy. The article is based on the latest guidelines of the European Association of Urology.
Nitrofurantoin in the treatment and prophylaxis of lower urinary tract infections - current recommendationsReview articles
MUDr. Marcela Fontana, Ph.D., FEBU, MUDr. Michaela Matoušková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):188-193 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.085
Urinary tract infections represent one of the most common bacterial diseases, predominantly affecting women. In recent years, the growing trend of antibiotic resistance has significantly influenced the management of infections, including those of the urogenital tract. This highlights the critical need for rational antibiotic prescribing, with an emphasis on the use of narrow-spectrum agents that maintain a favorable resistance profile. Due to its ability to achieve high urinary concentrations, low prevalence of resistant strains, and minimal impact on intestinal microflora, nitrofurantoin remains a cornerstone in the treatment and prophylaxis of...
Urodynamics in neurogenic disorders of the lower urinary tractReview articles
MUDr. Lucie Bartáková, MUDr. Pavel Drlík, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(4):183-187 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.084
The role of urodynamic examination is irreplaceable in patients with suspected neurogenic aetiology of bladder dysfunction. Many disorders and especially situations that are risky for patients in the long term cannot be distinguished without urodynamic examination. The most important is the detection of high-pressure bladder, which is not physiological and, over time, damages not only the lower but also the upper urinary tract. Moreover, in some patients it can be completely asymptomatic.
Pište také pro nás!Editorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):115
Foreign body in the urethraCase report
MUDr. Šárka Kudláčková, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):173-174 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.076
Foreign body in the urinary tract is a diagnosis that every urologist encounters in practice. These case reports are particullary interesting due to the inventiveness of patients in terms of what objects can be self-inserted into the urinary tract.
Histological analysis in patients with secondary phimosis after circumcision at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Ústí nad Labem in 2023 and 2024Original study
MUDr. Tomáš Sedlačko
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):170-172 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.075
In 2023 and 2024, a total of 66 circumcisions were performed on boys with the surgical diagnosis of secondary (scarring) phimosis at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Ústí nad Labem. Histological analysis of excised foreskin demonstrated the presence of signs of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) in 72 % of cases. The aim of the article is to provide a briefly overview of BXO, interpret the results of the histological analysis, and compare them with data reported in international literature.
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritisAt a glance
MUDr. Petra Bachroňová, MUDr. Michal Sýkora, prof. MUDr. Ivan Rychlík, CSc., FASN, FERA
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):165-168 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.074
Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) represents a broad group of relatively heterogeneous diseases, characterized by predominant involvement of the tubules and interstitium. The pathophysiological process involves immune-mediated infiltration by inflammatory cells. When kidney cells are damaged, local antigens are expressed, leading to infiltration by inflammatory cells and activation of cytokines, which act both proinflammatory and as chemoattractant. Cytokine production by inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes) is also mediated by kidney cells (proximal tubular cells, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial cells, and fibroblasts), resulting...
Prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with urinary cathetersGood advice from practice
MUDr. Aleš Čermák, Ph.D., MUDr. Jakub Papirek, MUDr. Natálie Čurdová
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):156-163 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.073
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. UTIs are the second most common infectious disease in the population, following upper respiratory tract infections. UTIs also represent one of the most common nosocomial infections. They are a common complication associated with urinary tract catheterization (CAUTI), especially during long-term catheterization or catheterization related to the endoscopic procedures. The most effective way to prevent CAUTI is to avoid unnecessary or inproperly indicated catheterization. Modern medicine must repeatedly seek new strategies for prophylaxis before invasive procedures and for...
Gender confirmation surgery in historical perspective, current practice, and clinical contextSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, MUDr. Adam Bajus, Ph.D., Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):152-155 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.072
Gender confirmation surgery (GCS) represents a crucial step in the medical transition process for transgender individuals. This article provides a historical overview of the development of these procedures, current indications and contraindications, an overview of commonly used surgical techniques, and the clinical aspects of postoperative care. We focus in detail on the most frequent procedures for trans women and trans men, including their potential complications and long-term outcomes.
Urology and gender medicine: specific needs in the treatment of urological diseases in womenReview articles
MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):146-151 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.071
A gender-oriented approach in urology represents a key method for considering the anatomical, hormonal, and psychosocial differences between men and women. In women, a shorter urethra increases the incidence of urinary tract infections, while hormonal changes (particularly after menopause) contribute to a higher susceptibility to incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and interstitial cystitis. Individualized therapy that addresses fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can significantly improve both the prevention and treatment of various conditions, for instance, through local estrogen application or targeted pharmacotherapy. Diagnostics...
Technology of urodynamic testing and its benefitsReview articles
MUDr. Pavel Drlík, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucie Bartáková
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):138-143 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.070
Urodynamic testing is a set of diagnostic methods to assess the function of the lower urinary tract during the filling and emptying phases of the bladder. In most cases, this is not a basic examination, but just a tip of the iceberg of testing methods in urology. These methods aid in diagnosing non-neurogenic and neurogenic causes of lower urinary tract dysfunction as well as in monitoring the effect of treatment in a particular patient.
Modern approaches to the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in elderly menReview articles
doc. MUDr. Jozef Marenčák, PhD.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):128-136 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.069
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological condition that has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and an economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide, and is likely to become increasingly common in the aging population. While transurethral resection of the prostate and medical management still play an important role in the treatment of BPH, a number of alternatives are now available, including laser enucleation and minimally invasive techniques. The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic modality will depend on the patient's individual preferences, current health status, resource availability, cost, anatomical factors,...
Principles of fluid and dietary intake in urolithiasisReview articles
MUDr. Jiří Kladenský
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):125-127 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.068
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of urinary stones in the kidneys or urinary tract. It affects all age groups, with its incidence rising with increasing age. Given the fact that people of working age tend to be affected, urolithiasis is becoming not only a medical, but also a socio-economic issue. Insufficient diuresis and the concentration of lithogenic ions as well as the concentration of lithoprotective factors all play a major role in the development of urolithiasis. Impaired urine flow, whether it be anatomical or functional, and urine pH fluctuations are further factors contributing to the formation of stones. As for the principles of prevention...
Urinary tract infections 2.0: How to tackle multidrug-resistant bacteriaReview articles
MUDr. Marek Štefan, MBA
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):119-124 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.067
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in both community and hospital care. UTIs are primarily caused by gram-negative bacteria, which have shown a significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years, particularly to beta-lactams. This resistance is mainly due to the production of various beta-lactamases, with the most significant being carbapenemases. The article provides an overview of current knowledge on different types of beta-lactam resistance and presents information on newly available beta-lactams that can overcome some of these resistance mechanisms. It also includes a practical approach to...
Jaro je tady i se svými rizikyEditorial
MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):63 
Complicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a kidney transplant patientCase report
MUDr. Minh Nguyet Tranová, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):108-110 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.047
In patients with a transplanted kidney, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a procedure that requires consideration of the graft´s specific anatomical and physiological conditions. This case report describes a 69-year-old man who underwent PCNL due to recurrent graft infections and the progression of stone size. The procedure was successfully completed without residual lithiasis; however, postoperative complications, including bleeding and infection, required emergency surgical revision and intensive care. Prompt intervention and subsequent treatment preserved the function of the transplanted kidney. This case highlights the importance of precise...
Prostate cancer - interaction potential of used drugsDrug interactions
PharmDr. Roman Goněc, PharmDr. Vojtěch Ondra, doc. PharmDr. Jan Juřica, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):102-107 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.046
Advances in the treatment of prostate cancer in the last years have made it possible to cnsider prostate cancer a chronic disease, particulary in older patients. These patients are usually polymorbid and with increasing number of drugs they use, the risk of interactions also rises. Such interactions could lead to increased toxicity or reduced effect of anti-cancer drugs. However, mainly enzalutamide and apalatumide can significantly reduce the effectiveness of many commonly used drugs, and it is essential that the physicians are well-informed about these risks. In Czech Republic, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, abiraterone, talazoparib, olaparib,...
Intravesical instillation therapy with hyaluronic acid in recurrent urinary tract infectionsGood advice from practice
MUDr. Marcela Fontana, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):99-101 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.045
Recurrent urinary tract infections are very common in clinical practice. Endovesical installation of hyaluronic acid helps to restore the protective glycosaminoglycan layer on the surface of bladder urothelium and reduces the frequency of recidives. This treatment represents an effective option especially for patients in whom regime measures in combination with non-antimicrobial or antimicrobial prophylaxis has been unsuccessful.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - short summary of the current knowledge and practical guidelines on benign prostatic hyperplasiaAt a glance
MUDr. Kamil Belej, Ph.D., FEBU, MBA
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):96-98 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.044
Short summary of the current knowledge and practical guidelines on benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Premature ejaculationSexual and reproductive medicine in practice
MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, Mgr. Aneta Hujová
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):91-95 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.043
The authors summarize the problem of premature ejaculation and modern treatment options.
The Balint group as a possibility for doctor's stress reduction and burnout preventionFrom the boundary of urology
MUDr. Jiří Poněšický, FEBU, FECSM
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):87-90 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.042
The article addresses stress and burnout syndrome in general, the results of research on burnout syndrome among Czech doctors, and approaches to coping with these challenges. It specifically focuses on explaining the functioning of Balint groups as a form of psychological hygiene for doctors and as a mens leading to a better understanding of the doctor-patient relationship.
Emerging trends in telemedicine and artificial intelligence in urologyReview articles
MUDr. Martin Malý, MUDr. Alžběta Kantorová, doc. MUDr. David Zogala, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Otakar Čapoun, Ph.D., FEBU, prof. MUDr. Viktor Soukup, Ph.D., FEBU, MHA
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):79-86 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.041
This article explores the emerging trends and technologies in urology, focusing on telemedicine and artificial intelligence. It provides a brief overview of the benefits of telemedicine and its impact on the patient-physician interactions. The article subsequently explores in detail the use of artificial intelligence, which is currently gaining considerable interest from both general public and medical professionals. Its potential in urology has been tested in a number of clinical studies, particularly in the field of uro-oncology and, to a lesser extent, in benign urological diseases. The aim of this article is to identify the key advances in this...
Psychosocial aspects of active surveillance for prostate cancerReview articles
doc. MUDr. Otakar Čapoun, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):74-78 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.040
For selected patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PC), active surveillance (AS) represents the method of choice aimed at delaying or avoiding radical treatment. However, AS can cause anxiety and uncertainty. Patients also often receive insufficient, confusing, and difficult-to-understand information, leading to anxiety and stress. Psychosocial support and interventions focused on lifestyle improvement can play a key role in managing uncertainty and enhancing patients' confidence in AS. Patient and family education is essential, as it also reduces stress and improves cooperation. Patient support groups and psychotherapeutic interventions may be beneficial...
Long-term consequences of radical prostatectomy: How to improve patients' quality of lifeReview articles
MUDr. Hanka Princlová, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):70-73 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.039
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is the standard treatment for localized prostate cancer. However, late functional complications such as stress urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and bladder neck strictures continue to be critical factors affecting patients' quality of life. This article explores strategies to prevent these complications through optimized surgical techniques and individualized rehabilitation care. Emphasis is placed on minimally invasive surgical approaches, preservation of key anatomical structures, and comprehensive postoperative management, including physiotherapy, pharmacological support, and technical aids. Studies...
Personalized pharmacotherapy for mLUTS - an effective approach to manage OAB symptoms, preserving sexual function and improving quality of lifeReview articles
MUDr. Marcela Fontana, Ph.D., FEBU
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(2):65-69 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.038
Pharmacotherapy is an effective treatment for most men with lower urinary tract symptoms (mLUTS). The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and, especially, to improve the quality of life. Most men prefer treatment with the least risk of side effects, which effectively affects mainly overactive bladder symptoms and preserves sexual functions. There is increasing emphasis on personalized medicine and tailoring treatment as much as possible to the specific needs and preferences of the patient. Optimal therapeutic effect is often achieved through combinations of medications from multiple drug groups.
PredhovorEditorial
prof. MUDr. Dalibor Ondruš, DrSc.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(1):3-4
Local treatment of wounds and lesions in the genitoanal area in women with regard to the effectiveness of the dressing and the comfort of the patientFor nurses
Mgr. Markéta Koutná, Ph.D.
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(1):54-58 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.026
This article deals with the issue of the spectrum of therapeutic materials suitable for the treatment of wounds, ulcerations and lesions in the genitoanal area in women. Despite the fact that the content of the article is primarily dedicated to the female genitoanal area, the described local therapy is also applicable to men in the same region. Histologically, the female and male genitalia consist of identical tissues, which are distinguished only by anatomical features. Damage to the genitoanal area requires materials for repeated application during the day, are affordable, relieve pain and improve comfort of patients. The illustrative scheme in the...
An unfortunate experiment with mounting foamCase report
MUDr. Michaela Železníková, MUDr. Miroslav Krhovský
Urol. praxi. 2025;26(1):51-53 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.025
Many foreign bodies in urinary tract have been documented. These cases are commonly encountered in almost all urology departments, some of which are quite curious. We present an interesting case report of an unusual foreign body in urinary tract from our workplace.