Urolog. pro Praxi, 2002; 3: 101-105

Prostatektomie: minulost, současnost, budoucnost-

MUDr. Tomáš Hanák1, MUDr. Petr Kumstát1, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Pacík CSc2
1 Urologická klinika FN Brno
2 Přednosta urologické kliniky FN Brno LF Masarykovy Univerzity Brno

Keywords: benign hyperplasia of prostate, prostatectomy, TURP.

Published: December 31, 2002  Show citation

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Hanák T, Kumstát P, Pacík D. Prostatektomie: minulost, současnost, budoucnost-. Urol. praxi. 2002;3(3):101-105.

Prostatektomie patří v rozvinutých zemích k nejčastěji prováděným urologickým výkonům. Původní otevřené operace na prostatě byly nahrazeny výkony transuretrálními. K nejčastěji prováděným patří transuretrální resekce prostaty (TURP), která je považována za zlatý standard v léčbě benigní hyperplázie prostaty (BHP). Výkony na prostatě prodělaly poměrně dlouhý vývoj od výkonů prováděných ranhojiči přes první výkony - otevřené operace prováděné na základě tehdejších znalostí anatomie a fyziologie až po moderní trendy směřující k stále menší invazivitě výkonů.

Indikace k odstranění zbytněných částí prostaty jsou dle -International Consultation on BHP- následující komplikace způsobené BHP: recidivující močová retence, recidivující uroinfekce, recidivující makroskopická hematurie, renální insuficience, cystolitiáza, divertikl močového měchýře. Je hodnocena peri a pooperační morbidita a mortalita u jednotlivých typů výkonů, jsou srovnány jednotlivé metody podle výskytu komplikací, jako erektilní dysfunkce, inkontinence, je hodnocen vliv jednotlivých výkonů na hodnoty průtoku moči (Q max.). Je uvedena technika jak otevřených, tak endoskopických výkonů na prostatě.

Budoucnost napoví, která z metod bude dále považována za nový -zlatý standard- v terapii BHP.

Prostatectomy - past, present and future

Prostatectomy is one of the most frequent urological procedures performed in the developed world. The original open surgical approach has now been replaced by transurethral techniques. Of these the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the most common and is now being considered for the gold standard for therapy of BHP. Procedures on the prostate have undergone a relatively long evolutionary process, from the practice of healers to the first open surgical methods performed and based on the knowledge of anatomy and physiology at the time to the modern trend of the less invasive techniques.

Indications for the removal of the prostate are, according to the -International Consultation on BHP-, recurrent retention of urine due to BHP, recurrent urinary tract infections due to BHP, recurrent macroscopic haematuria due to BHP, renal insufficiency caused by BHP, cystolithiasis caused by BHP and diverticulum of the urinary bladder due to BHP. The peri- and post-operative morbidity and mortality of these particular types of procedures are assessed, the occurrence of such complications as erectile dysfunction or incontinence are compared and their impact on urinary flow value (Q max) is evaluated. Techniques for both open and endoscopic procedures on the prostate are introduced.

The near future will reveal which method will be adopted as the new gold standard for the therapy of BHP.

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