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MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):59

Stress incontinence in women

MUDr. Kateřina Maxová

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):62-65 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.095

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common form of urinary incontinence in women. It is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine in the cases of increased intra-abdominal pressure in the absence of a detrusor contraction. Given the high prevalence of this disorder in the population, SUI poses a significant medical as well as psychosocial problem that negatively impacts the quality of life of affected women. The review article summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women, including new trends in therapy.

Current pharmacological options for the treatment of acute cystitis and the prevention of recurrent cystitis

MUDr. Lucie Hopková, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):66-72 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.009

Cystitis is the most common urinary tract infection and a major driver of antibiotic prescribing in outpatient care. Acute uncomplicated cystitis requires a rational selection of short antibiotic regimens with minimal ecological impact, consistent with antimicrobial stewardship principles. Recurrent cystitis - defined as three epi­sodes within 12 months or two episodes within 6 months - results from complex mechanisms including intracellular bacterial reservoirs, alterations of the vaginal microbiota and functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Modern prevention prioritizes non-antibiotic strategies such as vaginal estrogens in postmenopausal...

Drug-induced urolithiasis

MUDr. Jiří Kladenský, RNDr. Vladimír Bulka

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):74-76 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.007

Although drug-induced urolithiasis does not occur very frequently, it is by no means rare. It is reported to account for 1-2 % of cases of urolithiasis. This type of lithiasis should be taken into consideration in patients taking a medication from the group of potentially lithogenic drugs as well as in those who have recurrent lithiasis and are suspected to have a lithiatic-metabolic disorder. The article lists the most high-risk medications identified to date that can cause iatrogenic lithiasis, particularly when patients take these medications in the long-term and/or in higher doses.

D-mannose in urinary tract infections: mechanistic rationale, clinical effectiveness, and limitations of evidence

MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, PharmDr. Kateřina Langmaierová, Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):78-82 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.002

Recurrent cystitis in women is a frequent outpatient urology problem, substantially impairing quality of life and increasing antibiotic exposure with consequences for antimicrobial resistance and microbiome disruption (1, 2). D-mannose is widely used as an antibiotic-sparing option supported by a plausible anti-adhesive mechanism, potentially blocking the binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to urothelium via the FimH adhesin (4, 5). However, clinical evidence remains heterogeneous. While earlier studies and some reviews suggested a possible prophylactic benefit (6-8), a large pragmatic placebo-controlled randomized trial in primary care...

Prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of LUTS/BPH - a practical review for urologists and interventional radiologists

MUDr. Oleg Izmaylov, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU, prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D., MUDr. Michal Balík, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jan Raupach, Ph.D., MUDr. Vendelín Chovanec, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):83-89 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.010

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urological conditions in elderly men and often leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with a significant impact on quality of life. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive endovascular treatment option performed under local anaesthesia, offering symptom relief in selected patients with an increased anaesthetic risk or a preference to avoid conventional surgery. Current evidence, including randomized trials and meta-analyses, shows that PAE significantly improves LUTS, quality of life and urinary flow, although the desobstructive effect is generally inferior...

Individualization of systemic treatment for advanced prostate cancer

MUDr. Jana Katolická, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucia Tomková

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):91-93 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.005

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2-3 % of all malignancies, and its incidence has been steadily increasing. From the perspective of systemic therapy, immunotherapy has become a key pillar of modern RCC treatment. Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as an essential component of therapy for both advanced disease and localized disease at high risk of relapse. This article summarizes the role of immunotherapy in the management of metastatic RCC and its position in the adjuvant setting following surgical treatment.

Current procedures for urinary incintinence rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy

Mgr. Petra Bastlová, Ph.D., Mgr. Anna Garajová, MUDr. Ondřej Česák, doc. MUDr. Vladimír Študent, Ph.D., FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):94-98 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.096

This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on rehabilitation approaches for urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. The foundation of therapy is the targeted activation of muscles responsible for continence control, coordinated with breathing and postural functions. Comprehensive functional physiotherapy, which includes the development of strength, endurance, and overall physical conditioning - and initiated even before surgery - improves postoperative outcomes and shortens recovery time. Adjunct methods such as biofeedback and electrostimulation demonstrate moderate to low levels of evidence for effectiveness and are recommended...

Ethical issues in the treatment of erectile dysfunction

MUDr. Libor Zámečník, Ph.D., FEBU, FECSM, MBA

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):100-103 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.053

Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents a significant medical, psychological, and social issue. The treatment of ED occurs within a context of numerous ethical challenges that extend beyond standard clinical practice. This article summarizes twelve key areas, ranging from informed consent, access to care, and media influence to the spiritual dimension of sexuality. Special attention is also given to testosterone misuse and the commercialization of treatment. The aim of the text is to promote a comprehensive, respectful, and ethically grounded approach to patients with ED.

Vasectomy and possible complications

MUDr. Jakub Szewczyk

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):104-107 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2026.001

Vasectomy represents the most widely used method of male sterilization and is considered a safe, effective, and economically advantageous procedure in family planning. The main reasons for its growing popularity include reliability, procedural simplicity, short recovery time, minimal impact on hormonal function and sexual life, and increa­sing public awareness of the method. Modern techniques have significantly reduced the risk of complications as well as postoperative pain.

Drug interactions in the therapy of bladder cancer

Mgr. Tereza Medková, Mgr. Tereza Vaňková

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):111-114 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.054

The rapid development of oncological therapies is accompanied by an increasing incidence of drug interactions, which can significantly affect both the safety and efficacy of treatment. Most oncology patients suffer from additional chronic conditions, and due to age and comorbidities, this often leads to polypharmacy. As a result, the risk of interactions increases not only between prescribed medications, but also with over-the-counter products, dietary supplements, herbal preparations, or certain foods. Drug interactions in oncology may be both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, and can manifest as reduced therapeutic efficacy or an increased risk...

Indications and guidelines for active surveillance in men with prostate cancer

doc. MUDr. Otakar Čapoun, Ph.D., FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):108-110 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.097

Active surveillance represents a standard management strategy for localized prostate cancer in men with low-risk disease and selected patients with favorable intermediate-risk features. The aim is to delay or avoid curative treatment in those with a low risk of progression, thereby preserving quality of life without compromising oncologic safety. The use of magnetic resonance and targeted biopsies improves patient selection and minimizes the risk of missing clinically significant tumors.

Urothelial carcinoma of horseshoe kidney with tumor triplicity - clinical presentation and treatment approach

MUDr. Oleg Izmaylov, MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, Ph.D., FEBU, MUDr. Zdeněk Bělobrádek, prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2026;27(2):115-118 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.058

Horseshoe kidney (ren arcuatus) represents the most common renal fusion anoma­ly, occurring in approximately 1 in 400-1,800 individuals. It is generally a benign condition, yet predisposes patients to multiple urological complications, including an increased risk of neoplastic diseases. Urothelial carcinoma arising in a horseshoe kidney is exceedingly rare, complicating both its diagnosis and management. This case report presents an 81-year-old patient with high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma located in the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney, further complicated by concurrent small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Diagnosis required an open surgical...