Imunologie třetího tisíciletí - je dnešní imunita jiná?

MUDr. Jaroslava Braunová

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 199  

LDUH.

MUDr.Michaela Matoušková, doc.MUDr.Miroslav Hanuš, CSc.

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 203-207  

Thromboprophylaxis in urologic and oncologic urologic surgery The increasing extent and radicality of surgical procedures, particularly in at-risk patients, increasingly requires adequate prophylactic measures in preventing venous complications. Urologic and, in particular, oncologic urologic surgery is burdened by a high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The introduction of rational thromboprophylaxis reduces this risk and improves the patient‘s prognosis. Routine use of appropriate thromboprophylaxis and its prolongation should be included in the standard algorithms for care in urologic and oncologic...

Evaluation of prostate specific antigen changes in time

MUDr.Kamil Belej, Ph.D., FEBU, MUDr.Ondřej Kaplan, MUDr.Oto Kőhler, CSc., MUDr.Jiří Kočárek, Ph.D., MUDr.Pavel Drlík

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 208-212  

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) belongs to the most important prognostic factors in prostate cancer. One of the parameters derived from PSA is prostate specific antigen doubling time (PSADT). PSADT is coming from the same data as PSA velocity and represents the relative rate of PSA change over time and is defined as the time needed for the PSA value to double. Although PSADT is used to predict outcomes in prostate cancer, clinicians must know the method of its calculation. PSADT calculation requires logarithmic analysis of data because it takes into account the exponential nature of neoplastic growth. Examples of computer based tool for displaying...

Cranberry and probiotics - prevention and adjuvant therapy of recurrent urinary tract infections

MUDr.Marta Nováčková, MUDr.Roman Chmel

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 213-215  

Review article on current knowledges of alternative treatment methods – using of cranberry extract and probiotics – in the lower urinary tract infection therapy and prevention. Regular using of cranberry products during 6–12 month reduces the number of recurences of lower urinary tract infections in young and middle-aged women. Promising results are described in probiotics used for prevention and treatment of vaginal infections, especially bacterial vaginosis. Further research and larger studies evaluating the effect of probiotics in lower urinary tract infection are required.

Pitfalls of diagnosing and treating enuresis

MUDr.Oldřich Šmakal, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 216-219  

Failed treatment for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) is still encountered by physicians caring for children with this type of incontinence. The potential failure of treatment for MNE is caused not only by multifactorial etiology and unavailability of a definite causal treatment, but very often by poor cooperation with the child and his family and sometimes even by misdiagnosing the actualform of MNE. The article deals with some possible mistakes made by the parents as well as the physician in the diagnostic and therapeutic process.

Sexually transmitted infections in urology

MUDr.Lenka Páralová

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 220-227  

The review article provides a detailed classification of sexually transmitted diseases, deals with the basic differential diagnosis of the most common complaints with which the patient presents to the urologist or venereologist and closely describes the particular diseases that have clinical manifestations directly in the urogenital area. area.

Pharmacotherapy and its pitfalls in the treatment of urgent incontinence and overactive bladder

MUDr.Miroslava Romžová, MUDr.Marie Hurtová, MUDr.Jaroslav Pacovský, Ph.D., MUDr.Miloš Broďák, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 229-233  

Pharmacotherapy is the first line therapy in the treatment of the overactive bladder and the urgent incontinence. It effects thru the active substance or the metabolite on the cell or neuronal receptor. This receptor’s bind induces target organ. Many organs have same types of the receptors. That is the reason, why one medicament operates on different organs. That leads to eligible and ineligible effect.

Fournier gangrene in present urological practice

MUDr.Ivan Kolombo, FEBU, MUDr.Martina Poršová, MUDr.Richard Pabišta, MUDr.Jaroslav Porš, MUDr.Jiří Poněšický, MUDr.Přemysl Grubský, MUDr.Jan Zaplatílek, MUDr.Robert Šverma, MUDr.Leoš Gronka, MUDr.Milan Bartůněk

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 234-237  

Fournier gangrene, is defined as a polymicrobial soft-tissue necrotizing infections of the perineal, perianal, or genital areas. It is rare infection of the genitalia that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Fournier gangrene nowadays has an identifiable cause in approximately 95 % of cases. The necrotizing process commonly originates from an infection in the anorectum, the urogenital tract, or the skin of the genitalia. Treatment of Fournier gangrene involves several modalities. Initiate early broad-spectrum antibiotics as soon as possible. Providing coverage for gram-positive, gram-negative, aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria is...

Bone metastasis in prostate cancer and other urological malignancies - 2nd part

MUDr.Otakar Čapoun

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 238-245  

Treatment of advanced urological malignancies demands a multidisciplinary approach involving the urologist, clinical and radiation oncologist, aftercare and rehabilitation and social care. Prostate cancer is the most common urological malignancy metastatic to the bone. The primary treatment consists of androgen deprivation therapy together with skeletal-related events prevention, and secondary hormonal manipulation or antiandrogen withdrawal in case of disease progression. For the next stage of disease some cytotoxic regimens are warranted. Combined surgical and targeted systemic therapy is suitable in advanced renal cancer. Statistical models...

Restless legs syndrome and erectile dysfunction

prof.MUDr.RNDr.Luboslav Stárka, DrSc.

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 246-247  

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common somatosensoric disorder but it is uncommonly recognized and treated despite it is more frequent than epilepsy. Its prevalence has been estimated at about 5–15 % in adult population. It is a cause of tremendous distress and affects the quality of life of those afflicted. RLS is yet not well understood in terms of its pathophysiology, however, newer studies have implicated dopaminergic systems and brain iron metabolism in central nervous system as an significant factor in the development of sensomotoric disturbances. Dopmaniergic system plays a role in the mechanism of erection. It was found that...

Urinary bladder diseases and their therapy

MUDr.Ladislava Lyerová, CSc.

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 249-255  

Urinary bladder diseases encompass a wide spectrum of conditions from clearly defined anatomic injury (e.g., by tumor, trauma, infection, post-radiation injury) to more difficult-to-define functional control of urination (e.g., enuresis, incontinence). Bladder diseases present as a variety of uncomfortable symptoms (dysuria, pollakiuria, nycturia) and, often, as a change in urine color (hematuria, pyuria). The most frequent pathological entity affecting mostly women is infectious cystitis, both acute and recurrent or chronic. Likewise, more than 50 % of women have to cope with some degree of incontinence, most often stress incontinence, at...

The use of IIEF-5 questionnaire in evaluating erectile dysfunction in patients suspected of having prostate cancer

MUDr.Marek Broul, MUDr.Jan Schraml

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 256-259  

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the third most common cancer in men in the Czech Republic and the most common cancer in men in the European Union. The availability of PSA testing has resulted in a more frequent detection of earlier stages of CaP in younger men. The main complications of surgical treatment for CaP are urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). Several questionnaires are used to evaluate the severity of ED. The International Index of Erectile Function and its five-question version IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function) is one of them. We evaluated IIEF-5 questionnaires completed by the patients of the Centre for...

Transsexualism and sex conversion surgery

Mgr.Alena Kašajová

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 260-261  

The article intruduces nurse insight into issue of transsexualism as a serious disorder of gender identity and presents ways of treatment.

Psychological problems in children in perioperative period

PhDr.Iveta Ondriová, PhD., MUDr.Anna Sinaiová

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 262-264  

A surgical operation is an iatrogenic procedure and a major intervention in the life of a child as well as the whole family. A visit to a health care facility causes uncertainty, fear and distrust in most children since they encounter inevitable painful procedures here and gradually gain new, often negative experience. Recently, a policy of hospital admission of child and mother together has been practised, as declared in the EACH Charter for Children in Hospital. How the child will cope with the surgery itself and the postoperative psychological effects depends much on the type of surgery as well as on the attitude of the nurse and the entire...

Daily therapy of erectile dysfunction - who is it for, what are the risks?

MUDr.Taťána Šrámková, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 265-267  

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as an inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Phosfodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are first line oral medication for erectile dysfunction (ED). Tadalafil 5 mg was well tolerated and effective in clinical studies, it was alternative to the current on-demand dosing of tadalafil for men with ED. Patients and their sexual partners preferred once daily administration, mainly because longer efficacy, safety allowing a more spontaneous sexual life.

Autodidaktický test 4/2011

Urol. praxi, 2011; 12(4): 269-270