Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Eliška Bartečková, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):191  

Chronic primary bladder pain syndrome - current diagnosis and treatment

doc. MUDr. Jozef Marenčák, PhD.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):196-204 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.079  

Chronic primary bladder pain syndrome (CPBPS) is a complex condition that causes significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Pain is generally the dominant symptom of CPBPS. More accurate classification of individual phenotypes and specific, new multimodal therapy can lead to more effective disease management. Multidisciplinary cooperation is usually a necessity. The article summarizes the latest knowledge on the terminology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of CPBPS. However, many questions remain unanswered.

Adrenalectomy

MUDr. Petr Hušek, Ph.D., FEBU, doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pacovský, Ph.D., MUDr. Jiří Špaček

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):205-210 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.080  

Adrenalectomy is a surgical adrenal gland removing with wide scale of indications. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a gold standart of suprarenal gland surgery. This miniivasive procedure brought clear patient benefits of lower blood lost, smaller surgery wound, shorter hospitalization and lower need for analgesics. In the hands of an experienced surgeon adrenalectomy is associated with low level of sever complications.

Treatment of a patient with refractory overactive bladder

MUDr. Marie Pechová, MUDr. Jan Mečl

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):211-216 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.081  

The term overactive bladder (OAB) expresses a set of symptoms where urgency is an obligatory symptom. On the basis, other symptoms develop, including increased urinary frequency, nocturia and incontinence may also be present (occurs in approximately 1/3 of patients). We divide patients into two groups, weather they are incontinent or not. Treatment of OAB is initiated with behavioural therapy, which is eventually followed by pharmacological treatment. If both methods fail, we are talking about refractory OAB, where more invasive treatment methods are needed. According to the 2006 EPIC study, the prevalence of OAB in the population is 11.8% (1). In...

Increasing the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnostics by glycoprofiling of selected serum oncomarkers: clinical and economic impact per patient

Ing. Tomáš Bertók, PhD., MUDr. Roman Sokol, PhD., MPH, doc. MUDr. Juraj Fillo, CSc., Ing. Ján Tkáč, DrSc.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):217-220 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.082  

In this work, we briefly describe the possibilities of using the so-called liquid biopsy i.e. the detection of highly tumor-specific markers from body fluids, for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (CaP). For this purpose, it is important to use biomarkers that are organ-specific, such as kallikreins (different forms of PSA). Unfortunately, such biomarkers are not cancer-specific. To increase the reliability of CaP dia­gnosis, it is therefore necessary to use biomarkers that are organ-specific and at the same time cancer-specific, and such biomarkers include glycoprofiling of fPSA (free form of prostate specific antigen) in the form of Giasay (glycopsy...

Parapelvic renal cysts

doc. MUDr. Jana Reiterová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):221-224 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.083  

Parapelvic renal cysts are found in the area of the renal pelvis. They are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on renal ultrasound; exceptionally, they may result in symptoms such as lumbar pain with lower urinary tract obstruction, haematuria, or infection. A definitive diagnosis sometimes requires an excretory phase CT scan with contrast medium. Parapelvic cysts can be a part of hereditary polycystic kidney disease. Moreover, they have been described to occur more frequently in Fabry disease.

Serum markers in diagnosing prostate cancer

MUDr. Aneta Rozsypalová

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):225-228 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.084  

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men worldwide. The incidence of prostate cancer continuously increases (improvement in diagnostic methods) while the mortality rate remains stationary. In the diagnosis of prostate cancer, prostate specific antigen (PSA) has a privileged position as the main serum marker. It is an organ-specific but not tumor-specific marker. Several other parameters have been derived from PSA to increase its sensitivity and specificity. PSA is expected to be used in the future as part of the planned screening programme.

The risks of testosterone therapy

MUDr. Mgr. Magda Krechlerová, FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):229-234 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.085  

The main treatment for primary hypogonadism is testosterone replacement therapy. In urological outpatient practice, we often consult men with late onset hypogonadism due to aging. Regarding patients age and comorbidities knowledge of correct diagnostics, indications and forms of treatment is essential. The goal is torelive the symptoms of hypogonadism while maintaining maximal safety and minimalising the adverse effects of the treatment. The article summarizes knowledge about the physiological effect of testosterone, the benefits and risks of its substitution.

Vasectomy

MUDr. Viktor Vik, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):235-238 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.086  

Vasectomy is one of the most commonly performed urological procedures as well as the most reliable method of male sterilization and the surest way to provide contraception to a couple. Despite being very simple, this surgical procedure has undergone a number of modifications and gradual developments. However, even our current experience, knowledge, and standardization of the procedure do not exclude possible complications or potential failures, and every surgeon should be fully aware of this fact.

Current pharmacotherapy options for erectile dysfunction

MUDr. Marcela Čechová, Ph.D., FEBU

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):243-245 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.088  

Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common complaint affecting middle-aged and older men. In common urological practice this represents a frequent reason for visiting specialist, thus thus awareness of causes and treatment options is highly desired. Text briefly summarises current possibilities of pharmacotherapy. options of pharmacotherapy.

Metabolic evaluation: useful or outdated?

MUDr. Pavel Drlík, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):246-249 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.089  

Urolithiasis is a disease that has been with mankind since ancient times. It belongs to lifestyle diseases. The high incidence and prevalence rates with high rates of recurrence even in young patients prompt us to seek ways of influencing the formation and development of urolithiasis. Appropriate metabolic evaluation enables to identify the cause of the disease in the majority of cases. A subsequent analysis of results allows to determine correct metaphylaxis in each individual patient. Metaphylaxis is an important part of comprehensive care in patients with urolithiasis.

Priapism

MUDr. Marek Hok, MUDr. Jan Novák

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):250-253 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.090  

We report a case of a 58-year-old patient who was referred to our centre for priapism by his urologist. The introduction section summarizes the basic characteristics of this relatively rare acute condition. The case report demonstrates the basic diagnostic algorithm and treatment of ischaemic priapism, ranging from minimally invasive procedures including the administration of sympathomimetic agents, to performing distal glanulocavernous shunt according to Ebbehoj, to a definitive management in the form of proximal bulbocavernous anastomosis according to Quackels.

Removal of a large retroperitoneal metastases in the multidisciplinary collaboration

MUDr. Přemysl Grubský, MUDr. Zdeněk Bělobrádek, MUDr. Jan Jansa, MUDr. Miroslav Louda, Ph.D., MBA, prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):254-256 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.091  

We present case reports of successful surgical treatment of extensive and high-risk testicular tumor metastasis after chemothe­rapy. Multidisciplinary colaboration in urological malignancies leads to finding the most optimal treatment method, especially in complicated tumor stages or in the treatment of recurrences. The treatment of persistent retroperitoneal metastases in testicular tumors after chemotherapy is an illustrative example of this. We present a case report of removal of a large metastases of teratocarcinoma in a patient treated with nonseminoma after chemotherapy. The metastasis was unfortunately placed interaortocavally, and even dorsally...

Minimally invasive treatment of urinary retention in an eldery man with comorbities

prof. MUDr. Miloš Broďák, Ph.D., MUDr. Vendelín Chovanec, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Antonín Krajina, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):257-259 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.092  

Urinary retention caused by an enlarged prostate in an elderly or polymorbid man significantly reduces quality of life. Standard operative endoscopic methods can be risky and there is an effort to find a minimally invasive treatment method. Prostate artery embolization performed by interventional radiologists appears promising. The aim of the work is the presentation of a clinical case of this successful treatment of urinary retention.

Foreign bodies in the bladder

MUDr. Raed Zouman

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):260-262 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.093  

A foreign body in the bladder is encountered by almost every urologist. Several case reports from the years 2018 to 2023 are presented.

Incontinence products and their prescription

MUDr. Marek Hanák

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(4):239-242 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.087  

Incontinence, or involuntary leakage of urine, represents, above all, a hygiene and social issue for the patient. If treatment methods fail, the attending physician will choose to prescribe incontinence products. In this regard, however, it must be remembered that, in terms of sequence, prescribing incontinence products should only be used as a last-resort solution to incontinence problems when all diagnostic and therapeutic options have been exhausted. Correct prescription of appropriate products in sufficient quantities should allow patients with incontinence to live a life with dignity without limiting social contacts and with minimal inconvenience...