Špatná zpráva; možné reakce pacienta a jejich zvládání (2. část)

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):3  

Urinary incontinence - medication versus surgery

MUDr. Miroslava Ryšánková, MUDr. Marie Hurtová

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):6-13 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.011  

Urinary incontinence is a growing problem in current urological medicine. It affects the patient in his socioeconomic and emotional life, burdening the environment especially economically. The authors of the article have set themselves the goal of summarizing the current possibilities of its treatment, especially by medication and surgery. It is important to determine the type of incontinence for self-treatment. The most common type of incontinence in both genders is stress and urgency incontinence. Other types are represented to a lesser extent and sometimes stand outside the current official recommendations of professional societies. The treatment...

D-mannose in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections

MUDr. Eva Burešová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):14-16 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.012  

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent diseases, particularly in women. Acute simple cystitis poses no serious medical problem. However, a recurrent UTI, defined as the occurrence of two UTIs in six months, or three UTIs per year, decreases the quality of life of patients and leads to repeated antibiotic use. Daily routine measures and long-term prophylaxis with low-dose antibiotics or their targeted use in at-risk situations, e. g., prior to sexual intercourse or during hormonal changes, are recommended as methods of preventing recurrent UTIs. With long-term antibiotic use, patients may experience unpleasant adverse effects of this treatment...

Management of the metastatic renal cancer

doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pacovský, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):17-20 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.013  

Metastatic renal cancer is serious disease with serious prognosis. The management covers surgery od primary tumor, eventually on metastasis. Lymphadenectomy has no therapeutical impact; it is useful for staging only. Monoclonal antibody, tyrosinkinase inhibitors, mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) and cytokines can be used for oncological management. The complex therapy needs multidisciplinary cooperation and well-informed patient.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease from urological point of view

MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, FEBU, MUDr. Jiří Špaček, MUDr. Michal Balík, doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pacovský, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Navrátil, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):21-27 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.014  

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease that leads to chronic renal failure in about half of patients. It is a multisystem disease with a predominance of kidney affection and significantly worsening the patient's health. Causal therapy is not known. Renal complications include urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, hematuria, cyst bleeding and others. Treatment in chronic renal failure includes renal replacement therapy - hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Indication, timing and technique of nephrectomy of native polycystic kidneys remains controversial. It is necessary to proceed individually,...

Prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications in urology

doc. MUDr. Jana Hirmerová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):31-36 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.016  

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). VTE is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Surgery significantly increases the risk of VTE. In thromboprophylaxis, two methods may be used - pharmacologic prophylaxis (usually low-molecular-weight heparin, LMWH) and mechanical methods (compression stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression). Mechanical methods represent an alternative for the patients with high bleeding risk or may be used in combination with LMWH to intensify the prophylaxis in those with high thromboembolic risk. Urologic surgeries may differ in thrombotic risk and...

Consequences of covid-19 as seen by an andrologist

MUDr. Jan Novák, FEBU, FECSM, MUDr. Libor Zámečník, Ph.D., FEBU, FECSM, MBA

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):28-30 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.015  

For almost 3 years, we have all been direct participants of covid-19 pandemics. The disease, albeit primarily affects respiratory system, may have a negative impact on many other organ systems including reproductive tract. The authors present an overview of possible complications of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection as seen by an andrologist.

Urolithiasis - metabolic disorders and conservative treatment

MUDr. Kateřina Vlachová

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):37-41 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.017  

Urolithiasis with increasing incidence and prevalence is one of the diseases of civilization. High number of relapses initiated the improvement of lithiasis removal techniques, while emphasizing the importance of preventive and conservative treatment procedures. Metabolic examination can reveal the cause of urolithiasis in up to 97% of patients. We try to causally set up a possible conservative treatment. The patient's compliance with long-term treatment remains questionable.

Hematuria

MUDr. Marcela Čechová, FEBU, MUDr. Michaela Matoušková

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):42-44 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.018  

Hematuria is defined as presence of red blood cells in urine. It represents a common symptom in urological pracice which can be a sign of serious disease of urgenital tracat. Adequate attention to the diagnostic of hematuria should always be given.

Renal cell carcinoma in the testicle

MUDr. Veronika Lounová, MUDr. Igor Hartmann, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Študentová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):45-47 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.019  

Renal cell carcinoma predominantly metastasizes through haematogenous spread. It has been shown experimentally that clear-cell renal cell carcinoma can bypass the primary sites of metastasis formation and establish metastases directly at atypical sites. Testicular metastases are generally very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all testicular tumours. A metastasis may occasionally mimic a primary testicular tumour. A rare case is reported of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma in the testicle, the primary origin of which can only be debated of.

Synchronous tumor duplicity of prostate and rectum carcinoma

MUDr. Pavel Škrobánek

Urol. praxi. 2023;24(1):48-50 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2023.020  

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men in the Czech Republic. Similarly, we can talk about rectal cancer, the incidence of which in the Czech Republic is at the forefront of international comparison, so it is not such a rarity when there is a simultaneous (synchronous) occurrence of both malignancies in one patient. The problem of this topic remains mainly the absence of standardized procedures or guidelines of professional societies, stemming from the insufficient sample of the specific population, which would be the basis for clinical studies. The close anatomical relationship between the two structures carries a number of...