Urolog. pro Praxi, 2005; 6: 248-252

KIDNEY CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY

doc. MUDr. Ivan Kawaciuk CSc

Urologická klinika 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha

Renal cell carcinoma makes up 2–3 % solid tumors in total in adults. Incidence is 2-fold higher in men in comparison to women, sometimes the ratio is 3:2. The majority of renal cell carcinomas is sporadic, 4 % only is familial. Metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is found in one third of the patients. In more than half of the patients with localized tumor develop the disease progression in later course of the disease. Renal cell carcinoma is the most lethal urological malignancy, the mortality is > 40 % of patients. The incidence of renal carcinoma has in the last 25 years risen in 23–70 %. Standardized incidence is reported between 2–10 per 100 000 person-years. The Czech republic was in the year 2000 in the first place in the world, the rough incidence was 22.3 per 100 000 person-years (26.,9 in men and 17.9 in women). Mortality in the United States in 1997 was 3.5 per 100 000 person-years, in the Czech Republic in 2000 11.5 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Incidence of renal cell carcinoma is 10–20 % higher in blacks in comparison to whites, the reason remains unclear. In the last two decades the incidence has risen 3-fold in comparison to mortality. Due to increasing detection of localized incidental tumors the mortality has not increased as much. Down-migration is mainly the result of so far non-systematic screening. Five-years survival has doubled (34 % in 1954 versus 62 % in 1996). The higher survival rate at the end of the 1960s and in the 1970s is due to Robson modification of nephrectomy, in the 1980s due to increased incidence of incidental tumors, respectively. Pilot screening programme study has shown very low capture of renal cell carcinoma in populations with low prevalence. Systematic screening would be more effective if all abdominal organs were examined, not only kidneys. For the time being the screening is limited to target high-risk population.

Keywords: Key words: renal cell carcinoma, epidemiology, incidence, mortality, screening.

Published: January 1, 2006  Show citation