Urolog. pro Praxi, 2004; 5: 194-197
Kryptorchizmus
- doc. MUDr. Radim Kočvara CSc
- Urologická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN Praha
Keywords: cryptorchidism, undescended testis, laparoscopy, orchiopexis, HCG.
Published: December 31, 2004 Show citation
Kočvara R. Kryptorchizmus. Urol. praxi. 2004;5(5):194-197.
Kryptorchizmus zahrnuje vrozené patologické stavy, kdy nenalezneme varle v šourku. Zahrnuje nesestouplé, ektopické nebo chybějící varle. Vyskytuje se u 3,4-5,8 % donošených novorozenců. Ve článku jsou popsány fyziologie a patofyziologie sestupu varlat. Základem diagnostiky je fyzikální vyšetření chlapce, včetně vyšetření v tureckém sedu, které rozliší, zda je varle hmatné či nehmatné, a odliší tzv. retraktilní varle. Léčba hmatného varlete je buď hormonální, která je však omezeně účinná, nebo operační (orchidopexe). Nehmatné varle je indikováno k diagnostické laparoskopii, která nejpřesněji ukáže, zda je varle přítomno či nikoli. Léčba má být ukončena nejpozději do 24 měsíců života chlapce. Poruchy fertility jsou spojené zejména s oboustranným kryptorchizmem, maligní potenciál těchto varlat je vyšší.
CRYPTORCHIDISM
Cryptorchidism is associated with congenital absence of the testicle in the scrotum. We differenciate an undescended, ectopic or vanishing testis. It is detected in 3.4-5,8 % of full-term male newborns. The physiology and the pathophysiology of the testicular descent are described. The diagnostics is based on physical examination, including palpation in Turkish sitting position, which differentiates the palpable or impalpable testes and the retractile testis. The therapy of the palpable undescended testis is either hormonal, with a limited efficacy, or surgical (orchiopexis). The impalpable testis is indicated for a diagnostic laparoscopy, which is the most precise method to detect the high inguinal, intraabdominal or vanishing testis. The therapy should be terminated by 24 months of life at the latest. Infertility is mostly associated with bilateral cryptorchidism and the malignant potencial of these testes is higher.
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