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MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):115

Technology of urodynamic testing and its benefits

MUDr. Pavel Drlík, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucie Bartáková

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):138-143 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.070

Urodynamic testing is a set of diagnostic methods to assess the function of the lower urinary tract during the filling and emptying phases of the bladder. In most cases, this is not a basic examination, but just a tip of the iceberg of testing methods in urology. These methods aid in diagnosing non-neurogenic and neurogenic causes of lower urinary tract dysfunction as well as in monitoring the effect of treatment in a parti­cular patient.

Urinary tract infections 2.0: How to tackle multidrug-resistant bacteria

MUDr. Marek Štefan, MBA

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):119-124 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.067

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in both community and hospital care. UTIs are primarily caused by gram-negative bacteria, which have shown a significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years, particularly to beta-lactams. This resistance is mainly due to the production of various beta-lactamases, with the most significant being carbapenemases. The article provides an overview of current knowledge on different types of beta-lactam resistance and presents information on newly available beta-lactams that can overcome some of these resistance mechanisms. It also includes a practical approach to...

Principles of fluid and dietary intake in urolithiasis

MUDr. Jiří Kladenský

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):125-127 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.068

Urolithiasis refers to the presence of urinary stones in the kidneys or urinary tract. It affects all age groups, with its incidence rising with increasing age. Given the fact that people of working age tend to be affected, urolithiasis is becoming not only a medical, but also a socio-economic issue. Insufficient diuresis and the concentration of lithogenic ions as well as the concentration of lithoprotective factors all play a major role in the development of urolithiasis. Impaired urine flow, whether it be anatomical or functional, and urine pH fluctuations are further factors contributing to the formation of stones. As for the principles of prevention...

Modern approaches to the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in elderly men

doc. MUDr. Jozef Marenčák, PhD.

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):128-136 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.069

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological condition that has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and an economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide, and is likely to become increasingly common in the aging population. While transurethral resection of the prostate and medical management still play an important role in the treatment of BPH, a number of alternatives are now available, including laser enucleation and minimally invasive techniques. The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic modality will depend on the patient's individual preferences, current health status, resource availability, cost, anatomical factors,...

Urology and gender medicine: specific needs in the treatment of urological diseases in women

MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):146-151 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.071

A gender-oriented approach in urology represents a key method for considering the anatomical, hormonal, and psychosocial differences between men and women. In women, a shorter urethra increases the incidence of urinary tract infections, while hormonal changes (particularly after menopause) contribute to a higher susceptibility to incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and interstitial cystitis. Individualized therapy that addresses fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels can significantly improve both the prevention and treatment of various conditions, for instance, through local estrogen application or targeted pharmacotherapy. Diagnostics...

Gender confirmation surgery in historical perspective, current practice, and clinical context

MUDr. Marek Broul, Ph.D., MBA, FECSM, MUDr. Adam Bajus, Ph.D., Mgr. Aneta Hujová, Mgr. Michaela Liegertová, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):152-155 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.072

Gender confirmation surgery (GCS) represents a crucial step in the medical transition process for transgender individuals. This article provides a historical overview of the development of these procedures, current indications and contraindications, an overview of commonly used surgical techniques, and the clinical aspects of postoperative care. We focus in detail on the most frequent procedures for trans women and trans men, including their potential complications and long-term outcomes.

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis

MUDr. Petra Bachroňová, MUDr. Michal Sýkora, prof. MUDr. Ivan Rychlík, CSc., FASN, FERA, FISN

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):165-168 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.074

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) represents a broad group of relatively heterogeneous diseases, characterized by predominant involvement of the tubules and interstitium. The pathophysiological process involves immune-mediated infiltration by inflammatory cells. When kidney cells are damaged, local antigens are expressed, leading to infiltration by inflammatory cells and activation of cytokines, which act both proinflammatory and as chemoattractant. Cytokine production by inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes) is also mediated by kidney cells (proximal tubular cells, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial cells, and fibroblasts), resulting...

Foreign body in the urethra

MUDr. Šárka Kudláčková, Ph.D.

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):173-174 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.076

Foreign body in the urinary tract is a diagnosis that every urologist encounters in practice. These case reports are particullary interesting due to the inventiveness of patients in terms of what objects can be self-inserted into the urinary tract.

Prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with urinary catheters

MUDr. Aleš Čermák, Ph.D., MUDr. Jakub Papirek, MUDr. Natálie Čurdová

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):156-163 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.073

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. UTIs are the second most common infectious disease in the population, following upper respiratory tract infections. UTIs also represent one of the most common nosocomial infections. They are a common complication associated with urinary tract catheteri­zation (CAUTI), especially during long-term catheterization or catheterization related to the endoscopic procedures. The most effective way to prevent CAUTI is to avoid unnecessary or inproperly indicated catheterization. Modern medicine must repeatedly seek new strategies for prophylaxis before invasive procedures and for...

Histological analysis in patients with secondary phimosis after circumcision at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Ústí nad Labem in 2023 and 2024

MUDr. Tomáš Sedlačko

Urol. praxi. 2025;26(3):170-172 | DOI: 10.36290/uro.2025.075

In 2023 and 2024, a total of 66 circumcisions were performed on boys with the surgical diagnosis of secondary (scarring) phimosis at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Ústí nad Labem. Histological analysis of excised foreskin demonstrated the presence of signs of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) in 72 % of cases. The aim of the article is to provide a briefly overview of BXO, interpret the results of the histological analysis, and compare them with data reported in international literature.